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One interesting study was presented by Craig Devine from Arcadis, who shared the experimental work that they have done using a horizontal well packed with a reactive substrate, to form a passive remediation system – with proper orientation along the groundwater gradient, the system is “self-pumping”. Groundwater enters the well screen at the upgradient end, flows through the treatment media, and emerges – clean – at the distal end. A flow-focusing phenomenon actually causes the well – which contains no pump – to capture a much wider zone of water than the well diameter itself – in fact, tens of feet wider.